electronic components are kitted in stores then they are pre-formed to fit the positions in the PCB, resistors and diodes are usually first to be fitted, paying attention to the coloured bands on the body on the resistor which indicate the value, and ensuring the diodes are inserted with the correct orientation as these have a anode and a cathode.
Intergrated circuits (IC) are usually fitted next ensuring pin 1 is in the correct position, capacitors are usually next paying attention to the positive and negative, the positive leg is usually longer in length and a small cross is printed on the body. Electronic components are fitted into the pcb in this way in height order
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